In South-Ecuador a bush-vegetation with small trees has been created through the influence of man. The climate is mostly more dry than in the North Andes and the soil is not as fertile.

Lowland-rainforests are characterised by an average rainfall of ca 3000 mm per annum, there are no dry periods, the average rainfall is at no time of the year below 100 mm. The evergreen roof of the lowland-rainforest lies on ca 30 m of height. In Ecuador they are as well in the North as in the Amazon-Region. The multitude of different trees in the province Esmeralda is at ca 100 to 120 kinds per ha, in the Amazon it is with 200 to 240 kinds of tress per ha the double amount. To compare: In all of Germany there are about 150 kinds of trees.